“There is extraordinary redness in the central part of the face,” says Dr. Richard Gallo, professor and skin expert at the University of California, San Diego. “And then over time, many people with rosacea also develop many small blood vessels on the skin of their face.”
Rosacea can also cause red bumps that look like acne. It most often affects women ages 30 to 60. It’s more common among people who are fair-skinned. And it can be uncomfortable.
“Sometimes the skin feels like it’s hot, it can be burning, and sometimes a little bit itchy,” Gallo says.
In an extreme form, skin can thicken and enlarge the nose. This is much more common in men. Sometimes, rosacea can also affect the eyes. They can look bloodshot and feel dry or itchy. It can cause blurred vision and other vision problems.
Rosacea often comes and goes in cycles. Symptoms can flare up and then diminish, only to return later. Rosacea can be quite disfiguring and cause a lot of psychological distress, Gallo says.
It’s important to pay attention to the things that trigger rosacea. “Rosacea is a very individual disease,” Gallo says. Sunlight, stress, alcohol, spicy foods, and hormonal fluctuations are common triggers.
The causes of rosacea aren’t completely understood, but genes probably play a role. Studies show that rosacea involves issues with the body’s immune system.
“We’ve learned that rosacea is a problem with how the skin senses the outside environment,” says Gallo. “The immune sensing system in their skin is too sensitive. So many different things can trigger it, like eating spicy foods, microbes, or too much sunlight. And that causes the skin to become red and have flushing reactions.”
Gallo and his team are studying the role of molecules called antimicrobial peptides. These work like natural antibiotics in the skin, killing some bacteria. But they also trigger the body’s immune system, Gallo explains. He and his team discovered that some people with rosacea make too many antimicrobial peptides. This discovery could eventually lead to new treatments.
Right now, there are several medications doctors can prescribe to treat rosacea. Some work by affecting the microbes that live on the skin. Others help reduce redness by constricting blood vessels in the face.
Laser treatments can also help with redness and improve the skin’s appearance. They destroy extra blood vessels in the face. However, laser treatment only addresses the symptoms of rosacea and not the causes.
If you have symptoms of rosacea, a doctor who treats skin disorders, called a dermatologist, can help.
Living With Rosacea
- To figure out triggers, keep a written record of what seems to make your rosacea worse.
- Use a sunscreen (SPF 15 or higher) every day.
- Use a moisturizer on your face if it helps. But avoid products that irritate your skin.
- Consider trying green-tinted makeup to make your skin look less red.
- Talk with your health care provider if you feel sad or have other signs of depression. This may happen to some people with rosacea because of how they feel about their skin.
