Caenorhabditis Elegans or C. Elegans for short are quickly becoming a favorite organism for studying the genetics of longevity. These extremely simple and easy-to-incubate life form models many vital genetic aspects and as a result, has been used in everything from cancer studies to biological computing prototypes. And in fact, researchers have already conducted experiments in which enhancing the genetic integrity of bioengineered worms and improving their resistance to natural enemies has greatly extended their lifespan. Now, in a dramatic finding to be published in the journal Nature, researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Molecular Biology have found that “certain genetic mutations known to extend the life span of the C. elegans roundworm induce mortal somatic cells to express some of the genes that allow the immortality of reproductive germline cells.”
The research is based on the idea that certain cell lines are immortal; that is, unlike “somatic” cells (all cells except those that create new life) wither and die, germline cells (sperm and ova cells) produce new organisms. They then replicate and make new germline cells, and are therefore effectively immortal. Moreover, these cells have much greater staying power than somatic cells. Germline cells are designed specifically to convey genetic information to offspring, and as such, have enhanced immune systems and greater resistance to genetic stresses that would destroy regular cells. The team has, in essence, been able to “trick” the somatic cells into acting the same way as germline cells.
“C. elegans mutants with extreme longevity accomplish this feat, in part, by adopting genetic programs normally restricted to the germline into somatic cells,” says Sean Curran, research fellow in genetics at MGH Molecular Biology and the study’s lead author. “We know that germline cells are more stable than somatic cells – they live longer and are more resistant to stresses that damage other cells – and understanding the molecular pathways involved in that stability may someday allow us to devise therapies protective against age-related decline in other tissues.” And adds MGH investigator Gary Ruvkun, senior author of the Nature paper, “The idea that somatic cells can reacquire genetic pathways usually restricted to germline cells is fascinating, and since germline protection is seen across species, the activity of these genes may play a role in controlling mammalian life span.”
News Release: Can gene mutations generate immortality? Harvard research team say “yes” www.godlikeproductions.com June 16, 2009
News Release: Researchers learn how mutations extend life span www.harvardscience.harvard.edu June 10, 2009
