Is it time for doctors to sever their close and often corrupting ties with pharmaceutical manufacturers? A group of prominent physicians associated with the George Soros-funded Institute on Medicine as a Profession (IOMP) proposes to eliminate even the smaller gifts such as lunches and office material the pharmaceutical companies are offering doctors routinely in an effort to promote the sale of their drugs over those of the competition.
Merrill Goozner, who directs the Integrity In Science program for the The Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer advocacy focussing on health and nutrition, says on GoozNews that the group, who published their proposal in the Journal of the American Medical Association, "proposed prohibiting drug companies from giving small gifts or paying for the meals, travel or continuing medical education of teaching docs." They also recommended "ending the distribution of free drug samples" in favor of giving vouchers to hospitals, in addition to "eliminating from their ranks any physicians with ties to drug manufacturers."
According to an LA Times article, "drug companies are not just infiltrating doctors’ offices and residency training programs but also medical student education". Rachel Sobel, a fourth-year medical student at UC San Francisco, adds:
"A few weeks ago, I had a dreary glimpse of the future, that is, if the current situation continues. A bunch of residents were heading out on a Friday night to dinner at Masa’s. According to the Zagat Survey, the restaurant treats guests "like royalty," and the average price of dinner for one, including one drink and tip, is $92. A drug rep was footing the bill."
That there is inordinate influence of the pharmaceutical manufacturers on medical doctors and the way they treat their patients, is becoming more and more obvious, even to the degreee that doctors and mainstream press are calling for – some – reforms.
The New York Times also carries the story:
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In Article, Doctors Back Ban on Gifts From Drug Makers
By GARDINER HARRIS
Published: January 25, 2006
The gifts, drugs and classes that makers of pharmaceuticals and medical devices routinely give doctors undermine medical care, hurt patients and should be banned, a group of influential doctors say in today’s issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Medical schools and teaching hospitals should be the first to establish a comprehensive ban, the group writes. But the authors argue that all doctors should eventually follow suit.
Broadly adopted, the recommendations would transform doctors’ day-to-day lives and shut off the focus of drug makers’ biggest expenditures. But Dr. David Blumenthal, an author of the article, said it was "not very likely" that many in medicine would listen to the group.
"I’m not very optimistic," said Dr. Blumenthal, a professor at Harvard Medical School who, like many of the article’s 10 other authors, has studied conflicts of interest in medicine for years.
Federal law forbids companies from paying doctors to prescribe drugs or devices, but gifts and consulting arrangements are almost entirely unregulated. Voluntary professional guidelines suggest that doctors refuse gifts of greater than "modest" value. Sanctions against doctors who accept gifts of great value are extremely rare.
The drug industry spends tens of billions of dollars a year to woo doctors, far more than it spends on research or consumer advertising. Some doctors receive a significant part of their income from consulting arrangements with drug and device makers. Others take regular vacations and golfing trips that are paid for by companies.
A recent lawsuit involving the device maker Medtronic revealed that one prominent Wisconsin surgeon received $400,000 for a consulting contract that required him to work just eight days. While such rich arrangements are often restricted to specialists, most physicians routinely accept small gifts from drug salespeople, including pens, mugs, pads and food.
Surveys show that most doctors do not believe that these gifts influence their medical decisions, although most believe that they do affect their colleagues’ medical judgment.
But even small gifts can lead to profound changes in doctors’ prescribing behavior, with "negative results on clinical care," the article states. As a result, all gifts should be banned, the authors conclude.
Ken Johnson, a spokesman for the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, said the drug industry had a voluntary code of marketing conduct.
"Only practices that do not compromise independent judgments of health providers – such as modest working meals, gifts of minimal value that support the medical practice, and distribution of free samples – are permitted," Mr. Johnson said in a statement.
Dr. Duane M. Cady, board chairman of the American Medical Association, said in a statement that "drug and medical device makers can play a role in educating physicians about new products." He said the organization was "in the process of examining and updating its policy on gifts to physicians from industry."
The article is part of a spate of reports in medical journals that have taken a skeptical view of drug makers’ influence on medical practice and research. The New England Journal of Medicine recently published an article accusing Merck of withholding crucial safety information about the withdrawn painkiller Vioxx, a charge that Merck denies. Other articles have criticized drug makers’ tendency to keep the results of human research secret.
Dr. Catherine DeAngelis, editor in chief of The Journal of the American Medical Association, said drug makers were a vital part of the nation’s health care system because of their research efforts.
"But there has been a substantial change in the way pharmaceutical companies function over the last decade," Dr. DeAngelis said. Drug makers are far more aggressive in their marketing efforts, she said, and these efforts are having a deleterious effect on the practice of medicine.
Dr. Steven Shea, vice dean of the faculty of medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, predicted that the journal article would "prompt changes in policy and guidelines at many academic health centers, including ours."
Kaiser Permanente, the California-based managed-care group, is one of the few medical organizations in the United States that have enacted nearly all of the recommendations suggested by the journal article. Kaiser physicians prescribe heavily marketed medicines far less frequently than doctors nationally.
"We thought it was critical for us that our patients never had a doubt that the decision made about a drug or a device was based on the best interests of the patient and not the financial interest of the physician," said Dr. Sharon Levine, associate executive director of Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
The article also argues that "no strings attached" consulting arrangements should be banned, and that all other consulting agreements should be posted on Web sites. Doctors should refuse free drug samples, the article states, because they are "a powerful inducement for physicians and patients to rely on medications that are expensive but not more effective."
Such a refusal would also eliminate one of the principal reasons for which drug salespeople are routinely allowed to enter doctors’ offices, the article states. While the article does not suggest that salespeople be refused entry into offices, it states that such visits have few useful functions.
"Would we be delighted if drug reps never saw the inside of doctors’ offices? Absolutely," said Dr. David J. Rothman, president of the Institute of Medicine and one of the article’s two principal authors. "But you can’t mandate that. It’s a free country."
Two years ago, Dr. Rothman received a $7.5 million grant from the financier George Soros to set up an organization that would study medical professionalism. Today’s article is in part an outgrowth of that grant, he said.
Dr. Troy A. Brennan, former chairman of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the other principal author of the article, said he was looking forward to reading responses to it.
"I don’t think there are a lot of good answers as to why it’s O.K. to accept these gifts and contracts," Dr. Brennan said.
